INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN (ICGTD)

Understanding the Rapid Change of PM2.5 Using Low-cost Air Quality IoT Sensors

Achara Taweesan — 2023-04-17

This paper presents an analysis of PM_2.5 monitoring using low-cost IoT sensors to understand the concentration change in relation to the meteorological data and demonstrate the benefit of the sensors toward air quality management. A case of rapid change of PM_2.5from a high concentration (150 µg/m³) in the morning to a low concentration (15 µg/m³) in the noon was depicted in Bangkok, Thailand on 15 December 2020. This was an unusual phenomenon. PM_2.5 data were collected from SEA-HAZEMON platform during 8-16 December 2020 while vertical profiles of temperature and wind speed were collected from Bangna Agromet, Bangkok, Thailand from the on-line platform for the same period. Mixing layer height (MH) was estimated using temperature profiles for morning and noon periods. Correlation (R) analysis was used to explore relationships of estimated MH and PM_2.5, and wind speed (WS) and PM_2.5. Both MH and WS showed the inverse relationship on PM_2.5 with R for MH and PM_2.5 was -0.5495 and for WS and PM_2.5 was -0.4682. For 15 December 2020, rapid change of PM_2.5 in the noon was well explained by the strong wind above 500 m. height that help enhance PM_2.5 dispersion along with the expansion of MH. With a real-time data record and open data for download, IoT sensors enrich the understanding of air pollution behaviors for further improvement and enable identification of relevant air pollution events timely. IoT sensors could bring more benefits to the areas, particularly for low- and middle-income countries, where standard monitoring stations are unfeasible.

Study Of Optimization Of VRLA And Lithium Batteries For Load Consumption Of Linear And Nonlinear

Heri Suyanto Suyanto — 2023-04-17

Solar power plants (PLTS) with an Off-Grid system utilize batteries as a storage medium for energy produced from photovoltaic (PV) modules because the system is not connected to the PLN network. In this study, tests were carried out using VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) batteries and lithium batteries with linear and non-linear loads and using Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline modules. From the observation of 4 experimental data that we can analyze for a more optimal PLTS system circuit using Monocrystalin solar panels and using Lithium batteries, it is because from the measurement data from 4 experiments the optimal current and voltage for PV absorption and output is greater than that others with the same average irradiation and the same load used. For the load used from several types of linear and non-linear loads with the same capacity of 10 watts which is absorbed more from the battery output, LED lamps are compared to ballast lamps and incandescent lamps (AC). LED lamps because the current flowing is greater than ballast lamps and incandescent lamps. For a longer and optimal battery use Lithium batteries because the current coming out of the lithium is always stable and there is a battery management system on the cells of the lithium battery and input and output from the inverter is more optimal by using lithium batteries. In the Monocrystaline PV module with a peak voltage of 18.2V and a current of 2.54A, on a lithium battery the voltage is 13.8V and a current is 1.8A, the current for the ballast lamp is 0.26A and the incandescent lamp is 0.39 A with the same voltage of 219.2V, in an LED lamp with a voltage of 13.7V and a current of 0.7A.

Optimization Analysis Of Output Of Photovoltaic Types On The Effect Of Solar Temperature And Radiation

Heri Suyanto Suyanto — 2023-04-17

All Solar power plants (PLTS) work by absorbing solar light and converting it directly into electrical energy. This energy that comes from sunlight will not cause carbon emissions because it is an environmentally friendly energy that is free from pollution. Maximum solar panel operation at 25°C. So, the higher the temperature level of the solar panel, it will affect the power output obtained from the solar panel. In this study, a test was carried out to see the comparison of optamalization of the output of the photovoltaic type on the effect of temperature and solar radiation using 2 types of photovoltaic modules, namely monocrystalline and polycrystaline with different capacities of 40 Wp and 100 Wp. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the highest voltage on July 1, 2021 is 37.7 Volt monocrystalline module with a temperature of 43⁰ and 38.9 polycrystaline module with a temperature of 43.1⁰ and solar radiation of 914.2 W/m². Then the highest current is 1.4 Ampere monocrystalline module and 0.86 Ampere polycrystaline module

Investigating The Role of Emotional Well-Being During The Mobility Restriction Policy Into People’s Intention to Travel After The Policy is Lifted: Learning From The COVID-19 Outbreak In Indonesia

Muhamad Rizki — 2023-04-17

The policy of mobility restriction, as a response to the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had substantial implications for our daily lives and consequently affected our emotional well-being (EWB). While some Indonesian cities, especially Greater Jakarta as the epicenter of COVID-19 in Indonesia, planned to relax their mobility restriction policy in the last quarter of 2020, there is a question of how the EWB changes during the mobility restriction will influence activity participation after the lifting of the policy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how EWB affected the intention to travel after the mobility restrictions were lifted. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in Indonesia in May of 2020 to collect respondents’ personal and spatial characteristics, travel characteristics during and after the mobility restriction policy, their attitude towards the pandemic, and EWB. In investigating their relationship, a structural equation modeling was performed. The result showed that the number of days of isolation/quarantine had the effects of reducing EWB, reducing out-of-home activities, and increasing the intention to participate in out-of-home activities after lifting of the mobility restrictions. The decrease of out-of-home activities most likely reduces EWB and consequently the decrease of EWB is found to tend to influence people to travel more after the ending of the mobility restriction policy. In addition, the behavior required to prevent COVID-19 disease was also found to explain the attitude towards COVID-19. This study proposes several policies to mitigate the increase of travel demand following the mobility restriction period, which might reduce the possibility of more spreading of the COVID-19 disease.

CVT Piece Slide Molding Using Injection Molding Hand Press

Muhammad Pramuda Nugraha Sirodz — 2023-04-17

The purpose of this study is to develop automotive frictional parts, especially continuously variable transmission (CVT) blocks by using a composite material using injection molding. CVT is made using handpress injection molding, using PPHI as the matrix and nature (pineapple and hemp) as reinforcement. This CVT slide piece mold has several stages of work, starting from designing the molding process with Solidwork software, after that making a program from design using Mastercam software, finally doing the machining process with CNC and EDM machines. The assembly process is carried out from parts that have been previously machined. The results of this study are CVT mold have good repeatability, with P1 8.9 mm, P2 13.52 mm, P3 8.4 mm, P4 3.2 mm, P5 6.15 mm, and P6 7.62 mm.

Correlation between Ground-based Particulate Matter Concentration and Aerosol Optical Depth during Forest Fires in Palangkaraya City

Salsabila Putri Nadita — 2023-04-17

Forest fire is a natural disasters that can be caused by both nature and humans. Forest fires can cause a decrease in air quality caused by particulate matter from combustion. Daily particulate concentrations are monitored from meteorological stations in Palangkaraya City. This study aims to see the correlation between ground data and AOD data. The relationship between particulate concentrations in surface data monitored at the Tjilik Riwut meteorological station, Palangkaraya City, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data obtained using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) can be seen from the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient during the rainy season, dry season, and during the rainy season. forest fires from 2018 to 2019 in Palangkaraya City show a low relationship indicated by the correlation coefficient interval of 0.40. During the period of forest fires the highest correlation coefficient of AOD and particulates (PM_2,5 and PM₁₀) showed a low correlation with a maximum value of 0.25 in 2018 while, during the period of no forest fires the maximum correlation coefficient value was 0.40 in 2018 period. This shows that the correlation between AOD and particulate matter (PM_2,5 and PM₁₀) is better in periods non forest fires. Factors that can interfere with the AOD value are cloud cover and other meteorological factors such as humidity, solar radiation, and others.

Scenarios of Reducing Emissions Air Pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.5) in the Power Generation and Residential Sector in DKI Jakarta Province

Citra Rusliani — 2023-04-17

The Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) showed that the air quality in DKI Jakarta Province is in decreasing trend. It can be seen from ISPU’s “Unhealthy” category from 2014 – 2018 which tends to increase; hence air pollution has become a real environmental problem. Efforts to reduce emissions need to be made by creating a scenario for reducing air pollutant emissions of SO₂, NO_x, CO, and PM_2.5 generated from the power generation and residential sectors as the basis for improving air quality in DKI Jakarta Province. Emissions estimates use a top-down approach to common emission factors combined with high-level (national) activity data with the help of the atmospheric brown clouds (ABC) excel workbook – emission inventory manual (EIM) tool The power generation sector in DKI Jakarta Province mainly uses natural gas as its fuel, with the parameter NO_x being the most emitted. The scenario for reducing emissions of air pollutants SO₂, NO_x, CO, and PM_2.5that can be done in the power generation sector is by gasifying power plants by converting the use of high-speed diesel fuel and marine fuel oil with natural gas target 100% by 2030 the fuel can be converted, where the most effective in reducing SO₂ is 8.44% in 2030. Most of the residential sector in DKI Jakarta Province uses liquefied petroleum gas as fuel for cooking, with CO emission parameters being the most emitted. The scenario for reducing air pollutant emissions of SO₂, NO_x, CO, and PM_2.5that can be done in the residential sector is to substitute the use of LPG as fuel for burning gas stoves into electric stoves with a target of 4% by 2030 LPG can be substituted for electricity, where can be reduced all parameters effectively with the same percentage reduction with the target of reducing fuel consumption by 4% in 2030.

The Potential Utilization of Solar Energy using Organic Rankine Cycle In Hungary

Diki Ismail Permana — 2023-04-17

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising proposal for creating clean energy in distant regions at a low cost by utilizing solar energy in low-medium temperature systems. The ORC system may be powered by the quantity of solar energy available in Hungary. A parabolic through collector (PTC) solar collector is utilized in this study to transform solar thermal energy into a heat stream that is used to boil the R245fa working fluid, which was chosen as a good ORC working fluid because to its low boiling point, low ODP, and low GWP value. Many recent research have looked at solar-ORC from both a theoretical and experimental standpoint in a variety of disciplines, including design systems. The basic design that eliminates the requirement for solar-ORC will be extended in this study, which will include an energy analysis, system efficiency, and turboexpander characteristics utilizing different pinch temperatures (10 °C and 5 °C). For computations in the PTC solar collector, the weather data from June is used as the starting data input. When comparing the energy from the turbine and the thermal efficiency of the ORC system with 5 °C to the ORC system with 10 °C, the result shows that the ORC system with 5 °C has a better outcome.

Field Observation On Rip Current Formation At East Pangandaran Coast

Yessi Nirwana Kurniadi — 2023-04-17

Rip current identification is carried out in various ways, such as using google earth imagery, drones, and cameras. In this study, identification is done by recording, and observing rip current directly from a high place using a camera for 9 hours, from 8 am to 5 pm, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between wave parameters and rip current parameters, wave parameters reviewed, namely, (Ho), (Tp), (Lo) (C) and tidal wave conditions, then the parameters of the rip current being reviewed are, the frequency of occurrence of rip currents, and the average length of rip currents. The results show that the frequency of rip current events is related to wave parameters, the greater the wave parameter, the greater the frequency of rip current occurrences, and the highest frequency of rip current occurrences occurring in sea conditions towards low tide with a wave height of 1.2 m, average duration The rip current in the Pangandaran East Coast Region is 11 seconds, the type of rip current that occurs is the flash rip.

Ground Based Air Quality Measurements During Forest Fires In Jambi and Correlation with Satellite Observed Data

Gita Putri Ramadhanti — 2023-04-17

Abstract. Forest and land fires are natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia. According to the Ministry of Health (2015) forest and land fires that occurred in 2015, one of which was in Jambi province, caused quite severe air pollution in several Southeast Asian countries [1]. One of the main pollutants as an indicator of air quality is particulate matter (Particulate Matter). These particulates will float up to the atmosphere which is called an aerosol. Solid aerosols with a radius smaller than 10 µm are called PM10 aerosols. One of the most important aerosol optical properties used for radiation transfer calculations is AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) [2]. As a result of the forest fire incident in Jambi, the research could be carried out regarding the relationship between particulate concentration and satellite data during forest fires to determine the concentration of particulate (aerosol) loads. Relationship between PM2,5 and PM10 concentrations. Fires in Jambi City occurred almost throughout 2018-2019 which were caused by several factors, both natural factors and human actions. Most of the soil types in Jambi are peat soil types so during the dry season the peat soil surface is very dry and easily flammable, fire on the surface can spread to the relatively moist inner layer. This causes the flames to mix with water vapor and produce a lot of smoke [5]. Therefore, the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration values tend to be high during forest fires, especially during the dry season.

Simulation of Thermal Comfort of Heritage Residential House in Bandung using Computational Fluid Dynamic

Maya Ramadianti Musadi — 2023-04-17

Global Warming is a worldwide issue because it occurs in almost all countries including Indonesia. To anticipate this issue, since the last few years the Green Architecture concept has been established in Indonesia. One of the impacts of implementing this concept is caring for the health of occupants by maintaining air quality and thermal comfort indoors adhering to sustainable principles. Buildings built during the Dutch Colonial period were considered to have paid attention to thermal comfort for their occupants, this is because Indonesia's tropical climate is too hot for those who come from a country with 4 seasons. This paper aims to study the potential of ex-Colonial residential buildings in terms of thermal comfort by studying or analyzing indoor airflow patterns in order to obtain building designs that meet the Thermal Comfort requirements that can be applied to present-day building designs. Quantitative analysis methods are used based on weather measurement data and existing comfort conditions in the field, calculations, and simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. The research problem is how the architectural design of colonial buildings adapted to tropical climates? How is the thermal comfort produced in ex-colonial buildings? Analysis of flow patterns in the room will be carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method using the Flovent program. In this study, data collection in the field included room conditions (room geometry, materials and equipment specifications used), air conditions (air flow velocity, temperature, humidity) and solar radiation on the research object. In terms of typology and design, ex-colonial buildings for Dutch, Indo-Dutch and indigenous peoples have the potential to fulfill these requirements so that they can be used as a reference and applied to present-day building designs, both those that have been built or those that will be built.

Study of Monitoring Air Quality Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 Parameters with Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Measurements (Case Study: Pontianak City)

nida nur rofa rosidin — 2023-06-05

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is an optical measurement of the extinction of light or solar radiation by aerosols quantitatively, the AOD value can be used to represent the amount of aerosols in the entire atmosphere column. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is the single most comprehensive variable representing aerosol values for long distances in the atmosphere and can be used as a key variable in climate modeling, aerosol experimental approaches and satellite verification. Human daily activities through changing land cover, burning fossil fuels, and releasing particulates and gaseous species into the atmosphere are very influential and have an impact on the local aerosol environment, the effects on the global climate are difficult to predict. Accuracy and completeness of the aerosol depth monitoring system in the atmosphere is urgently needed. Ground-based monitoring instruments will be used to determine current aerosol loads, characterize aerosols, measure pollution in the atmosphere which can be used as a definitive measure of change or modeling of air quality in the future. The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentration values shows a positive and significant correlation, which means that the air quality parameters PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations with AOD values have the same trend with the results of a correlation coefficient of 0.88 0.8937 for monthly data and 0.7633 0.7673 for daily data in 2018 and the correlation coefficient is 0.678 0.8482 for monthly data and 0.2883 0.4048 for daily data in 2019. However, a correction factor needs to be done to produce a stronger and more accurate correlation value.

Contemporary Bebegig Sukamantri Costume Design

Edi Setiadi Putra — 2023-04-17

Bebegig Sukamantri developed in several villages in Sukamantri District, Ciamis Regency. There is an agreement to place Dusun Cempaka as the center of Bebegig Sukamantri Buhun which must comply with standard rules, while several villages outside Sukamantri Village can develop for contemporary Bebegig Sukamntri or undergo several changes and developments. The problem of using fibers for Bebegig Sukamantri Buhun's costume obtained a solution by using rasfur cloth which has unique characteristics and is able to support the appearance of the spooky character of Bebegig Sukamantri. Rasfur fabric makes Bebegig Sukamantri's costume easy and comfortable to wear. This Contemporary Bebegig costume can be used for women, teenagers and children, without having to perform mythological rituals as in Bebegig Sukamantri Buhun. The existence of this costume, can overcome the problem of scarcity of fibers, fiber hygiene problems and inconvenience of fiber clothes. This workshop on making costumes from Rasfur provides a new freshness for the village community to develop themselves so that they become more comfortable and productive in their Contemporary Bebegig Sukamantri cultural arts activities.

Improved Engine Standard Scenarios to Reduce Emissions of Air Pollutants in Transportation Sector in Jakarta Indonesia

Lala Nursyarifah — 2023-04-17

Jakarta Province is a metropolitan city that is the center of the business economy in Indonesia, which makes it
as one of the cities with the highest pollution levels in Indonesia. One sector that significantly contributes is the
transportation sector. This research study analyzes transportation sector emissions in DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia. It
is analyzed by comparing two scenarios, namely the Euro 4 scenario and the baseline scenario in 2030 to see the emission
reductions that can be generated by implementing the Euro 4 scenario. This study uses the Atmospheric Brown CloudEmission Inventory Manual (ABC-EIM) in calculating the estimated emissions generated. In 2030 it is estimated that the
transportation sector contributed 122271.17 tons of PM2.5 pollutant emissions, 137447.23 tons of NOx pollutants,
5005290.69 tons of CO pollution, and 131644.78 tons of SO2, where the most significant emissions produced by the
transportation sector are CO emissions. CO pollutant is produced from incomplete combustion, which is common in
vehicle engines. The application of euro 4 standard fuel is proven to reduce the number of emissions produced by the
transportation sector, with emission reductions produced by 40.29% for NOx pollutants, reducing CO pollutants by
33.61%, reducing SO2 pollutants by 27.96% and reducing pollutants PM2.5 is 26.95%.